When the ASEAN Economic The community was officially launched on December 31, 2015, everyone hoped that All
member countries will be able to move goods, services, capital, and labor
freely. In the product Service and capital, It doesn't seem to be a concern. But
the most concerned is probably the labor Because of the free labor movement
Allowable to move only skilled workers. Therefore, semi-skilled workers And
unskilled workers still have the same limitations
For countries that
believe in the theory of modern conditions (modernization) those countries,
including members of ASEAN All want to accelerate economic growth in the West
By what would be a measure of progress beyond economic numbers It is also a
matter of material that is tangible. Which is about the infrastructure (infrastructure)
whether it is building roads, railways, drains, electrical systems, wastewater
treatment systems, waste treatment systems, etc.
In the business the sector as well as Entrepreneurs still rely on many unskilled workers. While large
operators in the automotive and parts manufacturing business have a high demand
for semi-skilled workers. Where did the workers come from?
If examining the
current labor market situation, only Thailand will find that Thailand still
lacks both quantitative and qualitative labor. And there is a tendency to
become more and more violent, with 39 million Thai laborers, most of which are
80% unskilled workers and 75% of those who are 30 years of age or older. Thai
producers still need a lot of low skill workers with cheap wages. It is also an
informal workforce of up to two-thirds of all workers.
In addition, Thai
workers also choose jobs and do not want to work hard in 3D, ie dirty work
(dangerous job), dangerous job and difficult or difficult job, making it
necessary to import foreign workers or neighboring workers. In September 2014,
there were approximately 1.4 million legal registered migrant workers, compared
to 700,000 in the same month in 2007, which can be seen that the amount has
doubled.
For the term
"3D work", the fact that this word originates from the Japanese
language is called "3K work" which consists of Kitanai (dirty work),
Kiken (dangerous work) and Kitsui (hard work. ) Originally, these occupations
in Japan were jobs that employers had to pay very high wages. Because it is a
career that no one wants to do and find people to make difficult Employers , therefore, have to pay more expensive wages to motivate people to work. Making
workers without education and without skills interested in doing these tasks
more Because it can make him a better living and social status
However, the current
type of 3D workers is not receiving the same high wages as in the past. The
main reason should come from liberal capitalism that has spread throughout
the world. Resulting in higher economic and social disparities For the reason
that capitalists want to create profits, then reduce costs by finding cheap
labor. As a result, the volume of labor moves more closely Many workers have no
choice and therefore allow these jobs with low wages to survive.
For Thailand Which
is a country that is in a group with a fairly high income. And belong to the
intermediate production technology group But the production sector still has
low efficiency Therefore requires semi-skilled workers or many unskilled
workers But Thailand has very few such workers The main reason is probably due
to the change in the population structure that Thai society is entering into
the aging society. And compensation systems that are inconsistent with labor
productivity By increasing the actual wage rate below the rate of productivity
increase of labor Combined with the values of Thai people who often teach them
children to study high in order to become "The Lord of the People"
and not as difficult as parents
For this reason, the
new generation, therefore, enjoys higher education. Because hoping to get a
better job but the reality is not so Because the labor market at the degree
level is highly competitive And began to saturate The person who graduated with
a degree is, therefore, more unemployed. Will give back to labor like parents, it
would be difficult
If looking at the
development of the country As well as the development of ASEAN, I think that
the people of each country will have more love and bond with their country.
Therefore, working to build a nation should be a matter of national people
only. And must be born from the collective consciousness created by cultivating
through the education system
For solving the the problem of labor shortages in national building Creating ASEAN may have the
following guidelines:
Quantitative problem
solving Can solve by helping to promote the creation of values about
"Workers create a nation" more because of the creation of the nation
should be born from the skill of the people in the nation Will allow foreigners
to create a nation instead, it is not If Thai people contend for work Not
wanting to work in 3D type, the state should subsidize or find ways to raise
social status. And raise human dignity To those workers Domestic workers will
have more volume.
As for quality
solutions, it can be solved by educating workers at a higher level. And should
reduce the proportion of employment of foreign workers to be less Because
foreign workers are limited in their ability to study in Thailand If we focus
on reducing costs by paying cheap labor The quality of the work may not be as
expected.
Finally, I want to
look at the comparative view that If we allow unskilled workers to be
"wooden piles" to be semi-skilled workers "Concrete pile"
and skilled workers are "Steel Pile"
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