The Soviet Union's educational system

The Soviet Union created its own education system, which made it possible to realize an ambitious modernization program. As a result, the Soviet Union has transformed into one of the world's two superpowers. A thorough education reform began at the kindergarten level and touched on all elements of the education process.

Before the Russian Revolution of 1917, there were only a few dozen kindergartens across the large Russian Empire. With the establishment of a Soviet administration led by Vladimir Lenin, the founder of the Soviet Union, it began to realize the slogan on gender equality, and when it launched women's active participation in all social life, everything changed dramatically. It was expected to develop a network of preschool education facilities.

The Soviet founder Vladimir Lenin has called nursery and kindergarten "communist buds". According to him, these facilities "can actually release women and actually eliminate gender inequality by enhancing women's role in social production and life"

From the mid-1920s, kindergarten networks began to appear not only in cities but also in suburbs and rural areas. By 1941 two million Soviet children had gone to nursery and kindergarten. In the next 30 years, this figure jumped to 12 million.

In 1959, a new system was introduced to integrate nursery and kindergarten. As a result, the country started to raise children up to seven years of school age from two months old.

Before October Socialist Revolution in 1917, the literacy rate in the Russian Empire was extremely low. At the end of the 19th century, only 21% of the population could read and write. The Soviet Union launched a so-called "Rikubez" campaign, and a network of specially established offices covered the whole country. However, as of 1926, only one million people gained literacy skills.

However, in 1939, 40 million people were already able to do basic reading and writing thanks to the Rickvez program. But a true breakthrough occurred in 1930. General primary education was introduced in the USSR this year. By the early 1940s, the problem of the majority of the population being illiterate was almost solved.

However, it is difficult for those who know the time to look back but after the directive on general education, it was difficult for existing schools to enter new schools and absorb new students. So the school had to be divided into three time zones. The elementary school students started at 8:00 and finished at noon, and then the middle school students came and had classes from 6 to 10 or 11:00 pm.

The first decades of the Soviet era were the days of huge experiments in education. The experiment is related in part to the subject of history, and history has lost its status as an independent subject. Historical events were studied in a chaotic way within the framework of other social sciences. It was only in 1934 that the history was "reclaimed" and returned to school.